Syringe tip retainer assembly

ABSTRACT

The syringe tip is connected to a syringe head by an assembly that permits quick detachment and replacement of syringe tips without the use of tools. In one embodiment the assembly is adjustable for permitting or restricting rotation of the syringe tip.

This is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/841,598, filed Feb. 24, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No.5,286,065 which was a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/659,759, filed Feb. 22, 1991, now abandoned.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an assembly for attaching a syringe tip to a syringe head.

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A syringe is used in dentistry for controlled delivery of liquid, air, or a combination of liquid and air, to the mouth of the patient. A syringe generally includes a syringe head that is manipulated by the operator and connected by flexible conduits to a source of water and compressed air. A tubular, elongated syringe tip is connected to the syringe head.

A conventional syringe tip comprises an inner tube and a concentric outer tube. The inner tube mates at one end with a liquid-outlet port in the syringe head, thereby providing a conduit for the liquid from the syringe head to the free end of the syringe tip.

The outer tube of the syringe tip has an inside diameter that is slightly greater than the outside diameter of the inner tube, thereby defining between the inner and outer tubes an annular air delivery chamber extending along the length of the syringe tip. The outer tube of the syringe tip joins the inner tube at the tip end that connects to the syringe head. At that end, the air delivery chamber is substantially closed, except for an air-inlet port in the outer tube that connects that chamber with an air-outlet port in the syringe head. Air flows out of the air delivery chamber at the free end of the syringe tip.

The operator controls the flow of liquid or gas through the syringe tip by operating valves that are mounted in the syringe head.

Syringe tips are disinfected after use with a single patient. Consequently, the mechanism employed for connecting the syringe tips to a syringe head should provide for quick and simple replacement of syringe tips while ensuring an effective seal between the syringe head and the connected syringe tip.

FIGS. 1 and 2 depict a prior art syringe tip assembly 10 for connecting a syringe tip 20 to a conventional syringe head 22. The syringe head 22 includes a threaded aperture 24, the innermost end of which aperture is in a fluid communication with a liquid-outlet port 26 and an air-outlet port 28 formed in the head 22. The liquid-outlet port 26 is connected to a flexible conduit (not shown) that extends from the syringe head 22 to a source of liquid, such as water. Similarly, the air-outlet port 28 is connected to a flexible conduit that connects the syringe head 22 with a source of compressed air. The liquid-outlet port 26 and the air-outlet port 28 are opened and closed by internal valves. A three-position button 30 is manipulated by the operator to control the valves.

The syringe tip 20 includes an elongated inner tube 32 and a concentric outer tube 34. The syringe tip 20 has a connecting end 36 that connects to the syringe head 22, and a free end 38 from which the liquid and air are expelled.

The connecting end 36 of the syringe tip fits into one end of a generally tubular coupler 40. The coupler 40 has near its innermost end 42 a threaded portion 44 that threads into the threaded aperture 24 in the syringe head 22.

At the connecting end 36 of the syringe tip 20, the inner tube 32 protrudes from the outer tube 34 to fit within the liquid-outlet port 26 in the syringe head. An annulus 46 is formed to protrude from the innermost end 42 of the coupler 40. An O-ring 48 fits inside the annulus 46. The annulus 46 and O-ring 48 are sized so that the O-ring 48 is firmly compressed against the syringe head 22 and around the portion of the inner tube 32 that protrudes from the outer tube 34 (FIG. 2). The O-ring 48, therefore, seals the connection between the liquid-outlet port 26 and the inner tube 32.

The end 66 of the coupler 40 that is opposite the annulus 46 carries external threads 50 for receiving a retainer nut 52 through which nut the syringe tip 20 extends as described below. A smooth portion of the exterior wall of the coupler 40 between the threaded portions 44, 50 carries an O-ring 54 for sealing the annular space between the retainer nut 52 and syringe head 22 whenever the nut 52 is tightened to the coupler 40.

The retainer nut 52 is a hollow, generally frustum shaped member having an inner end 56 and an outer end 58. The interior of the inner end 56 of the retainer nut 52 is threaded to engage the threads 50 on the coupler 40. Part of the outer surface of the inner end 56 is hexagonal in cross-section to receive a wrench for tightening the retainer nut 52 to the coupler 40.

Whenever the retainer nut 52 is tightened to the coupler 40 with the connecting end 36 of the syringe tip 20 in place (FIG. 2), a locking O-ring 60, which fits inside the retainer nut 52, is firmly compressed between a tapered sleeve 64 and the outer end 66 of the coupler 40 so that the locking O-ring 60 is forced into an annular recess 62 formed in the outer surface of the outer tube 34.

More particularly, the outer surface 67 of the tapered sleeve 64 tapers outwardly (i.e., to the left in FIG. 2) and bears against a correspondingly tapered surface 68 defined by the inside wall of the retainer nut 52. The locking O-ring 60 is located between the tapered sleeve 64 and the outer end 66 of the coupler 40. As a result, whenever the retainer nut 52 is threaded onto the coupler 40, the tapered sleeve 64 is forced against the locking O-ring 60, compressing the ring 60 as mentioned above, thereby securing the syringe tip 20 to the coupler 49 (hence, to the syringe head 22).

The outer tube 34 is crimped to the inner tube 32 at connecting end 36 to close the end of the air delivery chamber 70 that is defined between the outer tube 34 and the inner tube 32. An annular recess 72 is formed near the crimped end. Two or more inlet ports 74 are formed through the outer tube 34 at the recess 72. An air passage 75 is defined between the outer surface of the tube 34 and the inner wall 76 of the coupler 40 at the crimped end of the outer tube 34. This air passage 75 is in fluid communication with the air-outlet port 28 in the syringe head 22 via holes 78 in the innermost end 42 of the coupler 40.

The just described prior art syringe tip assembly 10 is designed so that the retainer nut 52 must be securely fastened to the coupler 40 in order to retain the syringe tip 20 in place. Accordingly, it is necessary to employ a tool for loosening the retainer nut 52 to permit removal of the syringe tip 20. In loosening the retainer nut 52, the nut may be backed completely off the threads 50 of the coupler 40, which can lead to the separation and loss of internal parts, such as the tapered sleeve 64 and the locking O-ring 60.

In some dental procedures it is desirable to secure the tip 20 to the syringe head 22 so that it is irrotatable about its longitudinal axis. Such an irrotatable syringe tip may be desirable, for example, when the tip 20 is used for retracting the cheek of a patient. The tip must be secured against rotation because the retraction force applied to the bent free end of the tip 20 tends to rotate the tip within the coupler 40. The prior art syringe tip assembly 10 just described is designed so that the compressed locking O-ring 60 normally secures the tip 20 to be irrotatable about its longitudinal axis.

In other applications, a rotatable syringe tip is preferred. The tip 20 can be made rotatable by loosening the retainer nut 52, thereby permitting the locking O-ring 60 to resile and reduce the force applied by the O-ring to the outer tube 34. By loosening the retainer nut 52, however, it is possible that subsequent rotation of the syringe tip 20 will be transferred via the O-ring 60 to the retainer nut 52, which can eventually unthread the retainer nut 52 and cause the tip 20, retainer nut 52, and internal parts to fall from the syringe head 22.

In the past, split collets have been available for replacing the tapered sleeve 64 mentioned above. The force of the retainer nut interior surface 68 against the split collet tightens the collet 64 to the tip 20 to restrict tip rotation. The collet, however, may be lost in the event that the retainer nut 52 is loosened as described above.

This invention is directed to an assembly for connecting a syringe tip to a syringe head and provides for rapid replacement of the syringe tip. In many applications, the need for a tool to loosen the connection is eliminated, thereby facilitating the rapid replacement of syringe tips.

In one embodiment, the assembly is adjustable for permitting or prohibiting rotation of the syringe tip about its longitudinal axis. In another embodiment, the assembly is configured so that rotation of the tip cannot unthread the retainer nut from the coupler. In another embodiment, the assembly is configured so that individual components (collets and O-rings) are not free to fall from the coupler even though the retainer nut is removed.

In another embodiment, the number of parts and manufacturing complexity of the assembly is greatly reduced.

As another aspect of this invention, the assembly is constructed so that it may be used with existing syringe heads.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an exploded, perspective view of a prior art assembly for attaching a syringe tip to a syringe head.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the prior art assembly connected to a syringe head.

FIG. 3 is an exploded, perspective view of a syringe tip retainer assembly formed in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view showing the assembly of FIG. 3 connected to a syringe head and adjusted restricting rotation of the syringe tip.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the assembly of FIG. 3 connected to a syringe head and adjusted for permitting rotation of the syringe tip.

FIG. 6 is an exploded, perspective view of an alternative syringe tip retainer assembly in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the alternative retainer assembly of FIG. 6 connected to a syringe head and adjusted for restricting rotation of the syringe tip.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative retainer assembly connected to a syringe head and adjusted for permitting rotation of the syringe tip.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the alternative retainer assembly taken along line 9--9 of FIG. 8.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the alternative retainer assembly taken along line 10--10 of FIG. 8.

FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view of another alternative syringe tip retainer assembly.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing the alternative assembly of claim 11 connected to a syringe head.

FIG. 13 is an end view, taken along line 13--13 of FIG. 12 and with the syringe tip depicted in FIG. 12 omitted for illustrative purposes.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

A syringe tip retainer assembly 110 of the present invention (FIGS. 3-5) is employed for connecting a syringe tip 20 to a conventional syringe head 22. The syringe tip 20 and syringe head 22 depicted in FIGS. 3-5 are, unless otherwise noted below, the same as those described with respect to the prior art mechanisms depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2. Accordingly, identical reference numerals will be employed for representing identical elements in the syringe tip 20 and head 22. The presently described assembly 110 and the alternative assembly 210 (FIGS. 6-13) are useful with existing syringe tip and syringe head designs without the need for modifying those components.

The assembly 110 includes a generally tubular coupler 140. The coupler 140 has near its innermost end 142 a threaded portion 144 that threads into the threaded aperture 24 in the syringe head 22. To this end, the interior surface 176 of the coupler 140 is shaped to engage an Allen wrench that can be extended into the coupler 140 before the syringe tip 20 is inserted therethrough.

An annulus 146 is formed to protrude from the innermost end 142 of the coupler 140. An O-ring 148 fits inside the annulus 146. The annulus 146 and O-ring 148 are sized so that the O-ring 148 is firmly compressed against the syringe head 22 and around the portion of the syringe tip inner tube 32 that protrudes from the outer tube 34 (FIG. 4). The O-ring 148, therefore, seals the connection between the liquid-outlet port 26 and the inner tube 32.

The end 166 of the coupler 140 that is opposite the annulus 146 carries external threads 150 for receiving a retainer nut 152 through which nut the tip 20 passes as described below. A smooth portion of the exterior wall of the coupler 140 between the threaded portions 144, 150 carries an O-ring 154 for sealing the annular space between the retainer nut 152 and syringe head 22.

The outer end 166 of the coupler 140 has an annular recess 163 formed therein for carrying a keeper O-ring 161. The keeper O-ring 161 and recess 163 are sized so that the ring 161 is continuously compressed against the syringe tip 20 that is inserted into the syringe head 22. The keeper O-ring 161 also serves to improve the seal between the syringe tip outer tube 34 and the interior surface 176 of the coupler 140 so that air in the passage 75 will be directed through the holes 178 in coupler 140 and into the air delivery chamber 70 of the syringe tip.

The retainer nut 152 is a hollow, generally frustum shaped member having an inner end 156 and an outer end 158. The interior of the inner end 156 of the retainer nut 152 is threaded to engage the outer threads 150 on the coupler 140. Part of the outer surface of the inner end 156 is hexagonal in cross-section for receiving a wrench to adjust the assembly 110 as described below.

The retainer nut 152 is movable relative to the coupler 140 between a locked position (FIG. 4) and an unlocked position (FIG. 5). In the locked position, the retainer nut 152 is advanced on the threads 150 of the coupler in a manner such that the tapered interior surface 168 of the retainer nut 152 bears upon a split collet 164 that surrounds the syringe tip 20. The collet 164 is forced by the advancing retainer nut 152 toward the outer end 166 of the coupler 140. As a result, a flanged end 165 of the split collet 164 bears upon a locking O-ring 160 that is located between the flanged end 165 and the keeper O-ring 161 and that fits within the annular recess 62 in the syringe tip whenever the syringe tip is inserted into the syringe head 22.

To ensure that a syringe tip is properly connected to the syringe head 22, and indicium 80 is placed on the syringe tip 20 near the connecting end 36 of the tip. The indicium 80 is located so that whenever the tip 20 is properly connected to the syringe head 22 (that is, whenever the locking O-ring 160 is received within the recess 62 of the tip) the indicium 80 will be adjacent to the outer end 158 of the retainer nut 152.

Preferably, the indicium 80 comprises an annular groove formed in the outer tube 34 of the syringe tip 20. The indicium 80 is located relative to the recess 62 so that the indicium will be obscured from the user's view just inside the outer end 158 of the retainer nut 152 whenever the tip is properly connected. Put another way, the user connects the syringe tip to the head by pushing the tip inwardly (to the right in FIG. 4) until the indicium 80 is no longer visible.

The force of the collet 164 against the locking O-ring 160 and against the adjacent keeper O-ring 161 compresses those rings 160, 161 against the outer surface of the syringe tip 20 for restricting rotation of the syringe tip about its longitudinal axis. Moreover, as the movement of the split collet 164 along the tip 20 is resisted by the compressed rings 160, 161, the outermost end 167 of the collet 164 is squeezed against the syringe tip 20 by the retainer nut 152 as the nut 152 is moved into the locked position (FIG. 4). The collet 164, therefore, increases the rotational resistance applied to the syringe tip 20. Hand-tightening of the retainer nut 152 provides sufficient force to the collet 164 so that the collet 164 prevents removal of the tip 20 from the head 22 unless the retainer nut 152 is thereafter loosened.

It is noteworthy that as the retainer nut 152 moves toward the locked position, an internal shoulder 169 formed in the nut 152 moves across part of the radially outer surface of the locking O-ring 160 to limit expansion of the locking O-ring 160 (as the O-ring 160 is compressed by the collet 164) away from the syringe tip, which expansion would otherwise reduce the force of the O-ring 160 against the tip 20.

As noted, the syringe tip 20 is held by the collet 164, locking O-ring 160, and keeper O-ring 161 against rotation whenever the assembly 110 is in the locked position. If desired, the retainer nut 152 can be tightened into the locked position by applying a wrench to the hexagonal surface portion of the outer surface of the retainer nut 152.

The unlocked position (FIG. 5) into which the assembly 110 may be adjusted not only permits rotation of the syringe tip 20 about its longitudinal axis, but also allows quick disconnection and reconnection of the syringe tip 20 without the use of tools. In this regard, the retainer nut 152 is partly unthreaded from the coupler 140, thereby reducing the force applied by the collet 164 to both the locking O-ring 160 and to the syringe tip 20. Specifically, as the retainer nut 152 is moved to the unlocked position, the force of the tapered interior surface 168 of the retainer nut 152 against the outermost end 167 of the collet 164 is substantially eliminated, thereby relieving the force of the split collet 164 acting on the locking O-ring 160 and against the syringe tip 20.

During manufacture of the assembly 110, the outermost one 153 of the retainer nut threads 150 is deformed after the retainer nut 152 is threaded onto the coupler 140. As a result, the retainer nut 152 cannot be threaded off the coupler 140 as the retainer nut is moved to the unlocked position. The effect of this irremovable attachment of the retainer nut 152 to the coupler 140 is to eliminate the possibility of losing the small internal parts (collet 164 and O-rings 160, 161, 154) of the assembly 110, which loss might otherwise occur if the nut 152 could be completely removed from the coupler 140.

With the retainer nut 152 in the unlocked position (FIG. 5), the locking O-ring 160 and the keeper O-ring 161 keep the syringe tip 20 attached to the coupler 140 until the tip is manually removed for the purpose of replacing the tip. Accordingly, the syringe tip 20 can be quickly and easily replaced by hand whenever the retainer nut is out of the locked position (FIG. 4).

FIGS. 6-13 depict an alternative embodiment of a syringe tip retainer assembly 210 formed in accordance with the present invention. The alternative assembly 210 includes a generally tubular coupler 240. The coupler 240 has near its innermost end a threaded portion 244 that threads into the threaded aperture 24 in the syringe head 22. To this end, the otherwise generally cylindrical outer surface of the coupler 240 has formed in it a pair of opposing parallel flats 245, against which flats a wrench may be employed for rotating the coupler 240 when tightening the coupler 240 into the aperture 24.

A spacer 247 makes up part of the assembly 210 and is installed between the inner end 242 of coupler 240 and the syringe head 22. Generally, the spacer 247 provides a seat against which the coupler 240 is tightened, and defines an air path for conducting air from the air-outlet port 28 into the air passage 275 that is defined between the outer surface of the syringe tip outer tube 34 and the inner surface 276 of the inner end of the coupler 240. As was the case with the prior described embodiment, air in the passage 275 is directed through inlet ports 74 in the syringe tip and through chamber 70 to pass from the free end 38 of the tip.

More particularly, the spacer 247 is a generally tubular component having an outer end portion 249 of constant diameter that fits inside the inner end 242 of the coupler 240. The spacer 247 has a flanged inner end 248. The outside diameter of the flanged end 248 of the spacer 247 is just slightly less than the diameter of the threaded aperture 24. The flanged end 248 defines a shoulder 251 against which the inner end 242 of the coupler 240 seats when the coupler is threaded into the aperture 24.

The flanged end 248 of the spacer is tapered inwardly; that is, so that the outside diameter of the flanged end generally decreases in the direction toward the syringe head 22. This tapered surface of the spacer flanged end 248 defines an annular chamber 253 between the installed spacer 247 and the air-outlet port 28 so that air can flow out of that port 28 and into the chamber 253.

The spacer has two, spaced apart, elongated slots 255 extending from the flanged end 248 to a location near the outermost part of the outer end 249 of the spacer. Slots 255 in the spacer 247 provide an air path between the annular chamber 253 and the air passage 275 at the connected end of the syringe tip.

Slightly away from the innermost portion 257 of the spacer flanged end 248, the bore 259 of the spacer has a diameter that is just slightly larger than that of the exposed inner tube 32 at the connecting end 36 of the syringe tip. The bore is enlarged to define an annular recess 263 in the innermost portion 257 of the spacer to accommodate an O-ring 254 that fits snugly inside the recess 263.

The diameter of the bore 259 is stepped to define in the outer end 249 of the spacer an internal shoulder 265 against which the innermost end of the outer tube 34 abuts when the syringe tip is fully inserted into the syringe head 22.

The bore of the coupler 240 has a central portion 267 that has a relatively greater diameter than the remaining portion of the coupler bore. The central portion 267 of the coupler bore carries a locking O-ring 260 and an adjacent keeper O-ring 261. The keeper O-ring 261 and bore portion 267 are sized so that the keeper O-ring 261 is continuously compressed against the syringe tip 20 that is inserted to the syringe head 22. The keeper O-ring 261 also serves to provide a seal between the syringe tip outer tube 34 and the inner surface 276 of the inner end of the coupler 240 so that air will not leak from the air passage 275.

The locking O-ring 260, which is also retained within the bore portion 267, is compressed between the radially outermost surface of the bore portion 267 and the syringe tip 20 when the syringe tip is inserted. As with the prior-described locking O-ring 160, the O-ring 260 is oriented so that it is forced into the annular recess 62 formed in the outer surface of the syringe tip outer tube 34 whenever the tip is inserted into the syringe head.

The coupler 240 carries a split collet 264 that can be tightened against the syringe tip 20 as a retainer nut 252 is threaded over the coupler 240. Turning first at the particulars of the retainer nut 252, that nut is a hollow, generally frustum-shaped member having an inner end 256 and an outer end 258. The interior of the inner end 256 of the retainer nut 252 is threaded to engage a raised, threaded portion 250 formed at the central portion of the outside of the coupler 240.

Part of the outer surface of the retainer nut inner end 256 is hexagonal in cross-section for receiving a wrench, thereby to thread the retainer toward or away from the syringe head for respectively tightening or loosening the split collet 264 against the syringe tip.

The outer end 258 of the retainer nut defines an internal shoulder 266 that bears against the split collet 264 when the retainer nut is tightened, as described more fully below.

The split collet 264 is a generally tubular member having a flanged outer end 268 and an inner edge 270 that has beveled outer surface 272. The split 274 in the collet 264 extends completely through the collet, as best shown in FIG. 6. Between the inner edge 270 and the flanged end 268 of the collet is a radially protruding lip 276 formed integrally with the collet. The lip 276 and the flanged end 268 of the collet define between them a channel 280 that extends completely around the circumference of the collet (except for the split).

The coupler 240 carries on its outer end 288 a holder O-ring 290 that protrudes into the channel 280 and prevents the collet from falling from the coupler 240 when the syringe tip or retainer nut 252 is removed. More particularly, a circumferential recess 292 is formed in the coupler 240 at a location spaced away from the outermost end 288 of the coupler. Openings 294 are cut at diametrically opposed regions of the recess bottom surface so that along the circumferential length of those openings 294, the recess opens into the bore of the coupler as best seen in FIG. 6.

The resilient holder O-ring 290 fits within the coupler recess 292 with sufficient tension to cause the portions of the holder O-ring that span the openings 294 in the coupler to extend through those openings into the bore of the coupler.

The bore of the coupler 240 near the outer end 288 is shaped to receive therein the split collet 264 so that the portions of the holder O-ring 290 that protrude through the openings 294 in the coupler recess 292 extend into the channel 280 that is defined by the radially protruding lip 276 and flanged end 268 of the split collet as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.

As a result of the construction just described, it will be appreciated that the retainer nut 252 may be completely removed (that is, unthreaded) from the coupler 240, and the holder O-ring 290 will hold the collet 264 in place within the bore of the outer end 288 of the coupler 240. Moreover, because the keeper O-ring 261 and locking O-ring 260 fit tightly within the central portion 267 of the coupler bore, removal of the retainer nut 252 will not cause those O-rings to fall from the assembly.

The retainer nut 252 is movable relative to the coupler 240 between a locked position (FIG. 7) and an unlocked position (FIG. 8). It is noteworthy that, away from the openings 294, the holder O-ring contacts the retainer nut 252. The effect of this frictional contact is to resist rotation of the retainer nut so that the nut is unlikely to become inadvertently unthreaded (e.g., through vibration) from the coupler.

In the locked position, the retainer nut 252 is advanced over the threads 250 of the coupler in a manner such that the interior shoulder 266 of the retainer nut bears against the flanged end 268 of the split collet 264 that surrounds the inserted syringe tip. The split collet 264 is forced by the retainer nut shoulder 266 toward the syringe head so that the beveled outer surface 272 of the collet inner edge 270 bears against a tapered portion 296 of the coupler bore in a manner such that the resultant force of the advancing collet against the coupler pushes the split collet 264 tightly against the outer tube 34 of the syringe tip. In the locked position, the syringe tip is held by the collet 264 against rotation about the longitudinal axis of the syringe tip.

Preferably, the coupler is sized so that the outer end 288 of the coupler will contact the shoulder 266 of the retainer nut to prohibit further advance of the retainer nut 252 against the collet 264 as the collet reaches the location where the collet is forced firmly against the syringe tip, but not so firmly as to damage the tip. Put another way, the coupler 240 is configured to form a stop for further advance of the retainer nut 252, thereby limiting the force that can be applied by the collet 264 to the syringe tip 20.

As in the prior embodiment, an indicium 80 is placed on the syringe tip 20 near the connecting end 36 of the tip so that whenever the tip is properly installed or connected to the syringe head (that is, whenever the locking O-ring 260 is received within the annular recess 62 on the tip), the indicium 80 will be adjacent to the outer end 258 of the retainer nut 252, obscured from view.

The unlocked position (FIG. 8), into which the assembly 210 may be adjusted by loosening of the retainer nut 252 permits rotation of the syringe tip 20 about its longitudinal axis and allows quick disconnection and reconnection of the tip without the use of tools, as was the case with prior embodiments. To this end, the retainer nut 252 is partly unthreaded from the coupler 240, thereby reducing the force applied by the collet 264 to the syringe tip 20.

In this embodiment, the coupler 240 is constructed so that the retainer nut 252 can be completely removed from the coupler to provide access for replacing damaged or worn O-rings. It will be appreciated, however, that because of the effect of the holder O-ring 290, as described above, removal of the retainer nut 252 (either intentional or inadvertent) will not cause loose parts to fall away from the assembly.

FIGS. 11-13 depict another alternative embodiment of a syringe tip retainer assembly 310 formed in accordance with the present invention. In this embodiment, the retainer nut 352 threads directly to the syringe head 22, and the assembly is simplified by the elimination of the coupler and collet components.

The retainer nut 352 has at its inner end a threaded portion 344 that threads into the internally threaded aperture 24 in the syringe head 22. In order to facilitate threading of the nut 352 into the aperture 24 the smooth-walled (that is, having no internal threads) interior bore 364 of the nut 352 is shaped by flats 345 at the outer end 358 of the nut to define a polygonal cross-section matching, for example, the hexagonal shape of an Allen wrench. Before the syringe tip 20 is inserted into the retainer nut, an Allen wrench is inserted into the bore 364 and rotated to tightly thread the retainer nut 352 against the flanged end 348 of the spacer 347 described below.

As a result of the incorporation of internal flats 345, the outer surface 343 of the retainer nut (that is, the entire external surface of the nut except for the externally threaded portion 344) may be shaped, as in this embodiment, to define a smooth, curved surface having no flats thereon.

It will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill that the construction of the retainer nut as just described eliminates the need for a coupler component for securing the nut to the syringe head.

In the embodiments of FIGS. 11-13 the force applied for retaining the inserted syringe tip 20 to the nut 352 (hence to the syringe head 22 as shown in FIG. 12) is applied to the syringe tip by a keeper O-ring 361 and a locking O-ring 360. No collet or sleeve is carried inside of the retainer nut for changing the amount of force applied to the installed syringe tip.

A spacer 348 makes up part of the assembly 310 and is installed within the bore 364 of the nut 352 at the inner end 342 of the nut. Generally, the spacer 347 provides a seat against which the nut 352 is tightened, and defines an air path for conducting air from the air outlet port 28 into the air passage 375 that is defined between the outer surface of the syringe tip outer tube 34 and the inner surface 376 of the retainer bore 364 at the inner end 342 of the nut. As was the case with prior described embodiments, air in the passage 375 is directed through the inlet ports 74 of the syringe tip and through chamber 70 (FIG. 5) to pass from the free end to the tip.

The spacer 347 is a generally tubular component having an outer end portion 349 of constant diameter and that fits inside the inner end 342 of the retainer nut 352. The spacer 347 has a flanged inner end 348. The outside diameter of the flanged end 348 is just slightly less than the diameter of the threaded aperture 24. The flanged end 348 defines a shoulder 351 (FIG. 12) against which the inner end 342 of the retainer nut seats when the coupler is threaded into the aperture 24.

The flanged end 348 of the spacer is tapered inwardly; that is, so that the outside diameter of the flanged end generally decreases in the direction toward the syringe head 22. This tapered surface of the spacer flanged end 348 defines an annular chamber 353 between the installed spacer 347 and the air-outlet port 28 so that air can flow out of that port and into the chamber 353.

The spacer has two, spaced-apart, elongated slots 355 extending from the flanged end 348 to a location near the outermost part of the outer end 349 of the spacer. The slots 355 in the spacer 347 provide an air path between the annular chamber 353 and the air passage 375 at the connected end of the syringe tip.

Slightly away from the innermost end of the flanged end 348, the bore 359 of the spacer has a diameter that is slightly larger than that of the exposed inner tube 32 at the connecting end 36 of the syringe tip. The bore is enlarged at the inner most end to define an annular recess 363 in the spacer to accommodate an O-ring 354 that fits snugly inside the recess.

The diameter of the bore 359 is stepped to define in the outer end 349 of the spacer an internal shoulder 365 against which the innermost end of the outer tube 34 abuts when the syringe tip is fully inserted into the syringe head 22.

The bore 364 of the retainer nut 352 is shaped to define an internal annular recess 367 that has a relatively greater diameter than the remaining portion of the bore. The recess 367 carries the locking O-ring 360 and an adjacent keeper O-ring 361. The keeper O-ring 361 and the recess 367 are sized so that the keeper O-ring 361 is continuously pressed against the syringe tip 20 that is inserted into the syringe head 22 (FIG. 12). The keeper O-ring 361 also serves to provide a seal between the syringe tip outer tube 34 and the inner surface 376 of the bore so that air will not leak from the air passage 375.

The locking O-ring 360, which is also retained within the recess 367, is compressed between the radially outermost surface of the recess 367 and the syringe tip 20 when the tip is inserted. As with the prior described locking O-rings 160, 260, the O-ring 360 is oriented so that whenever the tip is inserted into the syringe head the O-ring is forced into the annular recess 62 formed on the outer surface of the syringe tip.

In a preferred embodiment, the retainer nut 352 is tightened against the flanged end 348 of the spacer (FIG. 12) by an amount that requires a tool for removing the nut. The compression of the O-rings 360, 361, hence the force applied for retaining the syringe tip within the nut 352, is great enough to hold the tip in place, but not so great as to prevent removal of the tip by hand, without the need for loosening the retainer nut 352. Preferably, the outermost end of the bore 364 includes a chamfered portion 366 to facilitate the smooth entry of a syringe tip into the bore of the nut.

In summary, the embodiment of FIGS. 11-13 provides an assembly with few parts and that permits the quick removal and replacement of syringe tips without the need for tools or for otherwise changing the position of the retainer nut before the tip can be removed.

As in the prior embodiment, the indicium 80 is placed on the syringe tip 20 near the connecting end 36 of the tip so that whenever the tip is properly installed or connected to the syringe head (that is, whenever the locking O-ring 360 is received within the annular recess 62 on the tip) the indicium 80 will be adjacent to the outer end 358 of the retainer nut, obscured from view. It is noteworthy that as a syringe tip is inserted into the bore 364 of the retainer nut, the annular recess 72 in the tip 20 (which recess 72 is immediately adjacent the recess 62 into which the locking O-ring 360 is intended to fit) will first pass through the locking O-ring 360. At the time the recess 72 passes inside the O-ring 360 a slight click or snap may be felt in the tip held by the user, which click is attributable to the O-ring 360 expanding into the recess 72. The user then continues to push the tip inwardly until a second click is felt, that attributable to the O-ring 360 expanding into the recess 62 upon complete connection of the tip to the head 22.

It is important that the user not be confused by the first occurring click into thinking that the locking O-ring 360 has fit into the groove 62. Accordingly, the indicium 80 provides a clear visual indication as to whether or not the tip is properly installed. Put another way, the user merely has to push the tip into the retainer nut by an amount sufficient to obscure from view the indicium 80.

Having illustrated and described the principles of the invention in preferred embodiments, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention can be modified in arrangement and detail without departing from such principles. Accordingly, we claim all modifications coming within the spirit and scope of the following claims. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A syringe tip retainer assembly, comprising:a hollow retainer nut having an interior bore extending from an inner end of the nut to an outer end of the nut, the inner end being externally threaded for threading to an internally threaded aperture in a syringe head; the bore shaped to define an annular recess between the inner and outer ends of the nut; an O-ring carried in the recess to protrude into the bore by an amount sufficient to seal against a syringe tip that may be inserted into the bore; and a tubular spacer inside the bore at the inner end of the nut and having a part that protrudes from the nut inner end to be retained against the syringe head and the nut, the spacer part carrying an O-ring having portions exposed for sealing against the syringe head and against a syringe tip that may be inserted through the bore.
 2. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the bore is shaped at the outer end of the nut to define a polygonal cross section thereby to receive inside the bore a tool for forcibly rotating the nut.
 3. The assembly of claim 2 wherein the polygonal cross section is a hexagon.
 4. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the recess in the bore is sized to carry two O-rings therein, the O-rings arranged to seal against a syringe tip that may be inserted into the bore.
 5. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the diameter of the portion of the bore between the outer end and the recess is only slightly greater than the outside diameter of a syringe tip that may be inserted into the bore, so that no other components fit between the tip and that portion of the bore.
 6. The assembly of claim 1 wherein bore of the retainer nut includes no threaded portions.
 7. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the retainer nut has an outer surface, and away from the externally threaded portion of the retainer nut the outer surface defines a smooth surface.
 8. The assembly of claim 7 wherein the outer surface is curved, having no flats thereon against which a tool may be applied.
 9. A syringe tip retainer assembly comprising:a hollow retainer nut having an interior bore, an inner end and an outer end; a syringe tip having an inner end adapted to connect with a syringe head, the tip having spaced apart first and second annular recesses formed thereon and spaced from the inner end; connection means for connecting the nut to the syringe head; an O-ring located inside the nut to extend into the second recess whenever the tip end is connected with the syringe head; and an indicium formed on the tip and located to be obscured from view inside the nut adjacent the outer end of the nut whenever the tip end is connected with the syringe head and the O-ring is disposed in the second recess, the indicium being spaced from the second recess.
 10. The assembly of claim 9 wherein the indicium is a groove formed in the tip.
 11. A syringe tip retainer nut assembly for retaining the end of a syringe tip to a syringe head, comprising:a hollow retainer nut having an interior bore, an inner end and an outer end; the inner end having external threads formed thereon and adapted for threading to an internally threaded aperture in a syringe head; the bore shaped to define an annular recess that is completely recessed relative to the bore and is spaced from the inner and outer ends of the nut; and at least one O-ring carried in the recess to protrude into the bore by an amount sufficient to seal against a syringe tip that may be inserted into the bore.
 12. The assembly of claim 11 wherein the outer end of the nut is shaped to define a portion of the bore with a polygonal cross section in which to receive a tool for forcibly rotating the nut.
 13. A method of replaceably connecting a syringe tip that has an external annular recess formed thereon to a syringe head, comprising the steps of:securing an O-ring inside of a retainer nut; threading the retainer nut to the syringe head with sufficient force to require the use of a tool for unthreading the nut from the head; and connecting the syringe tip to the syringe head by inserting the syringe tip through the tightened nut until the O-ring fits into the external annular recess formed on the tip.
 14. The method of claim 13 including the step of providing the retainer nut with a smooth outer surface having no flats against which a tool may be applied.
 15. The method of claim 13 including the step of providing the retainer nut with an internal bore portion having a polygonal cross section. 